5. Cell Components

Endosymbiotic Theory

How we think complex cells evolved - Adam Jacobson

Fossilization continues even today. If you wanted to increase the probability that your deceased favorite pet would become fossilized, what actions would you take?
a. Place the corpse in an environment where decomposition is rapid (such as a forest).
b. Place the corpse in an environment where decomposition is slow (such as a swamp or bog).
c. Place the corpse in an environment where there are plenty of rocks (such as a boulder field).
d. Place the corpse in an environment where plenty of oxygen is available (such as in a mountain stream).

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is likely the ancestor of the mitochondria?

Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because
a. the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes.
b. all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids.
c. mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA.
d. without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur.

No. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are different from those in prokaryotic cells.

No. The ribosomes on the rough ER are eukaryotic; they are different from those in prokaryotes.

free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and on the rough ER

free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, on the rough ER, and in bacterial cells

No. Only the third answer is correct. The ribosomes in bacteria are prokaryotic.

Contrast the distribution of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.

No. The nucleolus is not an organelle, although it does occur inside of the nucleus.

No. Mitochondria are organelles that are found only in the cytoplasm, not inside other organelles.

No. Transport vesicles are not organelles, even though they do transport membrane components between organelles of the endomembrane system.

No organelles are found inside other organelles.

No. One of the organelles listed above is found inside other organelles.

Where is DNA found outside the nucleus but inside a cell? .

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?

How might the phrase “ingested but not digested” be used in a description of the endosymbiotic theory?

Endosymbiosis theory | Cell structure and function | AP Biology | Khan Academy

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of
a. evolution from mitochondria.
b. fusion of plastids.
c. origin of the plastids from archaea.
d. secondary endosymbiosis.

Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that provide food, income, coastal protection, and many other services to millions of people. Yet coral reefs are under threat from human impacts such as climate change—many corals cannot tolerate the warming ocean water and have suffered massive “bleaching” events, which can be fatal. Researchers have discovered that some corals have the capacity to acclimatize to warmer water, while other corals do not. The researchers fear that because corals are long-lived colonial animals and thus evolve slowly, they may not be able to adapt to global warming fast enough to avoid extinction. Explain how the difference between acclimatize and adapt is important to the fate of corals.

Where Did Eukaryotic Cells Come From? - A Journey Into Endosymbiotic Theory

Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA.

No. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain small amounts of DNA that encode some of their proteins.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system.

No. Neither chloroplasts nor mitochondria are part of the endomembrane system.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes.

No. Mitochondria are composed of two membranes, but chloroplasts have three membranes&#8212;two envelope membranes and the internal thylakoid membranes.

Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.

No. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles; they remain dependent on the cell of which they are a part for some of their functions.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Consider the mechanism by which these organelles may have evolved.

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Mitochondria Aren't Just the Powerhouse of the Cell

Endosymbiotic theory is supported by the discovery of non-nuclear DNA in the ______ and ________ organelles.

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Biology1&2 with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors 

Jason

General Biology

https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/biology

#FFFFFF

Journey to the Microcosmos

Amoeba Sisters

Neural Academy

Khan Academy

TED-Ed

Seeker

Jason Amores Sumpter

1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Microscopes

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

Cell Junctions

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

General Chemistry

Jules

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

Physics

Patrick

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

Anatomy & Physiology

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities