1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Consider the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of the mitochondrion. How did each endosymbiotic partner benefit from the relationship?

Endosymbiotic Theory

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is likely the ancestor of the mitochondria?

Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because
a. the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes.
b. all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids.
c. mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA.
d. without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur.

No. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are different from those in prokaryotic cells.

No. The ribosomes on the rough ER are eukaryotic; they are different from those in prokaryotes.

free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and on the rough ER

free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, on the rough ER, and in bacterial cells

No. Only the third answer is correct. The ribosomes in bacteria are prokaryotic.

Contrast the distribution of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.

No. The nucleolus is not an organelle, although it does occur inside of the nucleus.

No. Mitochondria are organelles that are found only in the cytoplasm, not inside other organelles.

No. Transport vesicles are not organelles, even though they do transport membrane components between organelles of the endomembrane system.

No organelles are found inside other organelles.

No. One of the organelles listed above is found inside other organelles.

Where is DNA found outside the nucleus but inside a cell? .

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?

How might the phrase 'ingested but not digested' be used in a description of the endosymbiotic theory?

Endosymbiosis theory | Cell structure and function | AP Biology | Khan Academy

How we think complex cells evolved - Adam Jacobson

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of
a. evolution from mitochondria.
b. fusion of plastids.
c. origin of the plastids from archaea.
d. secondary endosymbiosis.

Why was finding a close relationship between mitochondrial DNA and bacterial DNA considered particularly strong evidence in favor of the endosymbiosis theory?

Where Did Eukaryotic Cells Come From? - A Journey Into Endosymbiotic Theory

Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA.

No. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain small amounts of DNA that encode some of their proteins.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system.

No. Neither chloroplasts nor mitochondria are part of the endomembrane system.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes.

No. Mitochondria are composed of two membranes, but chloroplasts have three membranes&#8212;two envelope membranes and the internal thylakoid membranes.

Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.

No. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles; they remain dependent on the cell of which they are a part for some of their functions.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Consider the mechanism by which these organelles may have evolved.

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Mitochondria Aren't Just the Powerhouse of the Cell

Endosymbiotic theory is supported by the discovery of non-nuclear DNA in the ______ and ________ organelles.

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