What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

• A. During times of increased solute concentrations, ADH causes nephrons to absorb water faster.
• B. Low levels or the absence of ADH in the blood are the brain's response to thirst.
• C. ADH is the only hormone that provides a system of control over the kidney as an osmoregulator for urine production.
• D. ADH controls the rate that filtrate moves from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule.
• E. During times of higher solute concentrations, ADH causes more water to be released from the nephrons to be reabsorbed by the blood.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH): ADH is a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.
2. Identify the conditions under which ADH is released: ADH is typically released when the body detects high solute concentrations in the blood, indicating dehydration or a need to conserve water.
3. Examine the effect of ADH on the kidneys: ADH acts on the nephrons in the kidneys, specifically increasing the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
4. Clarify the misconception about ADH's role: ADH does not cause water to be released from the nephrons; instead, it facilitates the reabsorption of water into the blood, reducing urine volume and concentrating the urine.
5. Conclude with the correct function of ADH: During times of higher solute concentrations, ADH causes more water to be reabsorbed by the blood from the nephrons, helping to maintain homeostasis by conserving water and regulating blood osmolarity.