5. Cell Components

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

Endomembrane System Summary

Golgi Apparatus

Endomembrane system | Structure of a cell | Biology | Khan Academy

Why does the presence of extinct forms and transitional features in the fossil record support the pattern component of the theory of evolution by natural selection? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F It supports the hypothesis that individuals change over time.
T/F It supports the hypothesis that weaker species are eliminated by natural selection.
T/F It supports the hypothesis that species evolve to become more complex and better adapted over time.
T/F It supports the hypothesis that species change over time.

Endomembrane System

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which structure is part of the endomembrane system?
(A) mitochondrion
(B) Golgi apparatus
(C) chloroplast
(D) centrosome

The Endomembrane System- Moving Proteins inside a Cell

A revolution in the study of human evolution is under way thanks to the invention of techniques that enable DNA sequencing of not only modern humans, but also ancient humans.

Before the application of DNA sequencing to fossils, which species concept was most useful for distinguishing human fossils? What is one disadvantage of this approach?

A revolution in the study of human evolution is under way thanks to the invention of techniques that enable DNA sequencing of not only modern humans, but also ancient humans.

Human populations today are not considered separate species under the biological species, morphospecies, and phylogenetic concepts. Explain what kind of evidence supports this statement.

Nucleus

BioFlix: Endomembrane System

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
a.  nuclear envelope
b. chloroplast
c. Golgi apparatus
d. plasma membrane

Protein Secretion

 No. Most of the proteins synthesized in the mitochondria stay in the mitochondria. 

 No. Proteins made on free cytoplasmic ribosomes do not end up in the membranes of the endomembrane system. 

 No. Although the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, it lacks ribosomes and therefore is not involved in protein synthesis. 

 No. Proteins that function in the plasma membrane are synthesized in the same place as all of the other membranes of the endomembrane system. 

Consider the flow of materials in the endomembrane system.

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

Which part of the nucleus is responsible for assembling ribosomes and ribosomal RNA?

The Endomembrane System: Difference between Transport and Secretory Vesicles

The Endomembrane System

Choose the best definition of a fossil.

a. a rock that contains information about an organism
b. a bone, tooth, shell, or other hard part of an organism that has been preserved
c. any trace of an organism that lived in the past
d. any part of a dead organism

 No. The smooth ER is the primary site where the cell produces lipids. 

 No. Although the protein ends up in the plasma membrane, any modifications were most likely made before the protein arrived at the plasma membrane. 

 No. Transport vesicles function to move membrane and proteins between the organelles of the endomembrane system. 

 No. The protein was originally synthesized on ribosomes of the rough ER, but modification occurs elsewhere. 

Consider the functions of the various components of the endomembrane system.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

 In the aqueous interior of a lysosome, functioning as a digestive enzyme 

 No. Proteins that are inserted into the rough ER membrane are membrane proteins, not soluble proteins. 

 In the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis 

 No. Cytoplasmic proteins are synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 

 In the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted 

 No. Proteins that are inserted into the rough ER membrane are membrane proteins, not soluble proteins to be excreted. 

 In a mitochondrion, functioning in ATP synthesis 

 No. Mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system. 

 Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell 

Consider the flow of materials through the endomembrane system.

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

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1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

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Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

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Endosymbiotic Theory

Microscopes

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

Cell Junctions

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