1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Introduction to Innate Immunity

accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area

No. The movement of phagocytes via chemotaxis (response to a chemical signal) is an aspect of the inflammatory response, but it does not initiate the response.

No. Interferon, which is released when cells are infected with a virus, interferes with protein synthesis in uninfected cells.

increased blood flow to an infected or injured area

No. It's correct that during an inflammatory response, blood flow to an injured area will increase, but changes in blood flow do not initiate the inflammation.

No. This process enhances, but does not initiate, the inflammatory response.

release of chemicals such as histamine by mast cells

The same response to an allergen may cause you to have a stuffy nose.

If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the __________.

No. The inflammatory response occurs after an infection has already occurred.

No. The adaptive response is activated when innate barriers fail.

No. The humeral response is a component of adaptive immunity, which is activated when innate barriers fail.

No. The cell-mediated response is a component of adaptive immunity, which is activated when innate barriers fail.

This is a nonspecific (innate) defense.

In humans, the first line of defense against infection is __________.

Innate Immune Response

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Types of Immune Responses (Short version)

No. T cells play a role in adaptive immunity.

No. B cells play a role in adaptive immunity.

No. Dendritic cells stimulate adaptive immunity.

No. Platelets play a role in blood clotting.

Contrast innate defenses with adaptive defenses.

Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second line of defense?

Immune System | Summary

No. Antibody production by plasma cells is an aspect of adaptive immunity.

No. Cytokines play a role in adaptive immunity.

No. Antibodies are produced in response to antigens.

No. Although this is an aspect of innate immunity, this is a group of proteins that circulate in the blood.

The answer is related to innate immunity.

Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called __________.

No. Histamine causes local arterioles to dilate.

Decreasing the permeability of local capillaries

No. Histamine causes an increase in the permeability of local capillaries.

No. Histamine triggers vasodilation and increased permeability of nearby capillaries, lowering the systemic blood pressure.

No. Histamine does not release interferons. However, these virus-fighting agents may be released in conjunction with inflammation.

Consider when histamines are released.

Which of the following is an immediate function of histamine?

What is inflammation? How does it protect the body? Why is inflammation considered part of the innate immune response?

Inflammatory Response

No. These enzymes are found within the digestive system.

No. Hemocytes attack pathogens that have breached an insect's barrier defenses.

The production of chemicals that kill microbes

No. Such chemicals are produced by hemocytes that attack pathogens that have breached an insect's barrier defenses.

The production of a distinct class of antimicrobial peptides

No. Such chemicals are produced by immune response cells that attack pathogens that have breached an insect's barrier defenses.

This is on the outside of the body.

In insects, which of the following is analogous to mammalian epithelial tissue, in that it serves as a first line of defense against infection?

No. This is a component of adaptive immunity.

No. Passive immunity is acquired when antibodies are passed from one individual to another or when an individual is given an injection of antiserum.

Consider what line of defense comes into play once barriers to entry have been breached.

Local swelling, increased blood flow, and fever are all parts of __________.

Innate Immune Cells

Ch 6 Lecture Video   Innate Immunity Inflammation Fever

Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate innate immunity defense?
a. macrophages
b. antibodies
c. complement system
d. inflammation

No. Blood flow carries white blood cells to the injured site.

Clonal selection of B and T lymphocytes followed by the production of effector cells

No. B and T cells are involved in adaptive immunity.

No. Antibody production is an aspect of adaptive immunity.

No. Memory cell production is an aspect of adaptive immunity.

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response.

Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response?

IMMUNE SYSTEM MADE EASY- IMMUNOLOGY INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY SIMPLE ANIMATION

The overall role of the inflammatory response is to
a. contain and eliminate foreign cells and material at the site of infection.
b. increase heat at the site of infection to activate enzymes used in the immune response.
c. produce antibodies that bind to and eliminate invading cells.
d. increase blood flow at the site of a wound to flush out invading pathogens.

INNATE IMMUNITY - First Line of Defense ((FL-Immuno/05)

Innate Immunity

The Cells of Innate Immunity (and Mechanism)

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Biology1&2 with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors 