Plant hormones act by affecting the activities of:
a. Genes
b. Membranes
c. Enzymes
d. Genes, membranes, and enzymes

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of plant hormones: Plant hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in plants, such as growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli.
2. Review how plant hormones interact with genes: Plant hormones can influence gene expression by activating or repressing specific genes, which leads to the production of proteins necessary for certain cellular functions.
3. Examine the effect of plant hormones on membranes: Plant hormones can alter the permeability of cell membranes, affecting the transport of ions and molecules, which is crucial for processes like nutrient uptake and signal transduction.
4. Explore the impact of plant hormones on enzymes: Plant hormones can regulate enzyme activity by either activating or inhibiting enzymes, which are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions in the plant.
5. Conclude that plant hormones act on multiple levels: Based on the above points, plant hormones affect genes, membranes, and enzymes, demonstrating their multifaceted role in plant physiology.

Key Concepts

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones, or phytohormones, are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in plants, including growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. They influence activities such as cell division, elongation, and differentiation, playing a crucial role in plant adaptation and survival.

Gene Regulation

Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control the expression of genes, determining when and how much of a gene product is produced. In plants, hormones can activate or repress specific genes, leading to changes in growth patterns and developmental processes, such as flowering and fruit ripening.

Enzyme Activity

Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. Plant hormones can modulate enzyme activity, influencing metabolic pathways and physiological responses, such as photosynthesis and respiration, thereby affecting overall plant health and growth.