The cells of a certain plant species can accumulate solutes to create very low solute potentials. Which of these statements is correct?
a. The plant's transpiration rates will tend to be extremely low.
b. The plant can compete for water effectively and live in relatively dry soils.
c. The plant will grow most effectively in soils that are saturated with water year-round.
d. The plant's leaves will wilt easily.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of solute potential: Solute potential, also known as osmotic potential, is a measure of the tendency of water to move into a solution due to solute concentration. A lower solute potential means the solution is more concentrated with solutes, which can draw water into the cells.
2. Consider the effect of low solute potential on water movement: When plant cells have a very low solute potential, they can draw water from the surrounding environment more effectively. This is because water moves from areas of higher water potential (less solute concentration) to areas of lower water potential (more solute concentration).
3. Evaluate the plant's ability to compete for water: With low solute potential, the plant can effectively draw water from relatively dry soils, as it can create a stronger gradient for water movement into its cells compared to other plants with higher solute potentials.
4. Analyze the implications for transpiration rates: Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, like leaves. Low solute potential does not directly imply low transpiration rates; rather, it suggests the plant can maintain water uptake even in dry conditions.
5. Consider the plant's growth environment: While low solute potential allows the plant to survive in dry soils, it does not necessarily mean the plant will grow most effectively in saturated soils. In fact, plants adapted to dry conditions may not thrive in overly wet environments.

Key Concepts

Solute Potential

Solute potential, also known as osmotic potential, is a measure of the tendency of water to move into a solution due to solute concentration. In plants, low solute potential means that cells can draw in water more effectively, which is crucial for maintaining turgor pressure and overall plant hydration, especially in dry environments.

Transpiration

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from plant leaves through stomata. It plays a key role in water uptake and nutrient transport. Plants with low solute potential can reduce transpiration rates, conserving water in dry conditions, but this may also limit cooling and nutrient flow, affecting growth.

Water Competition in Plants

Plants compete for water in their environment, especially in dry soils. Those with the ability to lower their solute potential can draw water more effectively from the soil, giving them a competitive advantage in arid conditions. This adaptation allows them to survive and thrive where water is scarce.