Why are mitochondria important to aerobic cellular respiration?

• A. They are responsible for the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
• B. They are the site where most ATP is produced during aerobic respiration.
• C. They synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
• D. They store genetic information required for cell division.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mitochondria in the cell: Mitochondria are organelles often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Review the process of aerobic cellular respiration: Aerobic respiration is a metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to convert glucose into ATP. This process occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Focus on oxidative phosphorylation: This stage occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Electrons are transferred through protein complexes, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
4. Clarify why mitochondria are essential: Mitochondria provide the specialized environment and structures (like the inner membrane and matrix) necessary for the electron transport chain and ATP production during aerobic respiration.
5. Eliminate incorrect options: Mitochondria do not break down proteins into amino acids, synthesize glucose, or store genetic information for cell division. Their primary role in aerobic respiration is to produce ATP efficiently.