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Table of contents
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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
Worksheet
What is Anatomy & Physiology?
Levels of Organization
Variation in Anatomy & Physiology
Introduction to Organ Systems
Homeostasis
Feedback Loops
Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback
Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback
Anatomical Position
Introduction to Directional Terms
Directional Terms: Up and Down
Directional Terms: Front and Back
Directional Terms: Body Sides
Directional Terms: Limbs
Directional Terms: Depth Within the Body
Introduction to Anatomical Terms for Body Regions
Anatomical Terms for the Head and Neck
Anatomical Terms for the Front of the Trunk
Anatomical Terms for the Back
Anatomical Terms for the Arm and Hand
Anatomical Terms for the Leg and Foot
Review- Using Anatomical Terms and Directions
Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
Anatomical Planes & Sections
Organization of the Body: Body Cavities
Organization of the Body: Serous Membranes
Organization of the Body: Serous Membrane Locations
Organization of the Body: Thoracic Cavity
Organization of the Body: Abdominopelvic Cavity
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components
Worksheet
Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter
Isotopes
Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Covalent Bonds
Noncovalent Bonds
Ionic Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding
Introduction to Water
Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
Properties of Water- Density
Properties of Water- Thermal
Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
Acids and Bases
pH Scale
Carbon
Functional Groups
Introduction to Biomolecules
Monomers & Polymers
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Microscopes
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion
Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
Cell Junctions
Biological Membranes
Types of Membrane Proteins
Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
Introduction to Membrane Transport
Passive vs. Active Transport
Osmosis
Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
3. Energy & Cell Processes
Worksheet
Introduction to Energy
Laws of Thermodynamics
Chemical Reactions
ATP
Enzymes
Enzyme Activation Energy
Enzyme Binding Factors
Enzyme Inhibition
Introduction to Metabolism
Redox Reactions
Introduction to Cellular Respiration
Types of Phosphorylation
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
Introduction to Cell Division
Organization of DNA in the Cell
Introduction to the Cell Cycle
Interphase
Phases of Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Cell Cycle Regulation
Review of the Cell Cycle
Cancer
Introduction to DNA Replication
DNA Repair
Central Dogma
Introduction to Transcription
Steps of Transcription
Genetic Code
Introduction to Translation
Steps of Translation
Post-Translational Modification
4. Tissues & Histology
Worksheet
Introduction to Tissues & Histology
Introduction to Epithelial Tissue
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Structural Naming of Epithelial Tissue
Simple Epithelial Tissues
Stratified Epithelial Tissues
Identifying Types of Epithelial Tissue
Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Introduction to Connective Tissue
Classes of Connective Tissue
Introduction to Connective Tissue Proper
Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Connective Tissue
Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage
Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone
Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood
Introduction to Muscle Tissue
Types of Muscle Tissue
Introduction to Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue: The Neuron
5. Integumentary System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Integumentary System
Integumentary System: Thermoregulation
The Epidermis: Cells
The Epidermis: Layers
The Dermis
The Hypodermis
Glands
Hair
Nails
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue
Worksheet
An Introduction to Bone and Skeletal Tissue
Gross Anatomy of Bone: Compact and Spongy Bone
Gross Anatomy of Bone: Periosteum and Endosteum
Gross Anatomy of Bone: Bone Marrow
Gross Anatomy of Bone: Short, Flat, and Irregular Bones
Gross Anatomy of Bones - Structure of a Long Bone
Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Matrix
Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Cells
Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - The Osteon
Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Trabeculae
7. The Skeletal System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Skeleton
The Skull
The Spine
The Thoracic Cage
The Pectoral Girdle
Bones of the Upper Limb
The Pelvic Girdle
Bone of the Lower Limb
8. Joints
Worksheet
Introduction to Joints
Classification of Joints
Structural Class: Fibrous Joints
Structural Class: Cartilaginous Joints
Structural Class: Synovial Joints
Joint Movements
9. Muscle Tissue
Worksheet
Introduction to Muscles and Muscle Tissue
Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
Sliding Filament Theory and the Sacromere
Steps of Muscle Contraction
10. Muscles
Worksheet
Origin and Insertion
Muscle Actions
Levers
Fascicle Arrangements
Muscle Naming
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System
Worksheet
Ions - Sodium and Potassium
Resting Membrane Potential
Change in Membrane Potential
Properties of Graded and Action Potentials
Graded Potentials
Action Potentials
The Refractory Period
Propagation of Action Potentials
12. The Central Nervous System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Central Nervous System
The Cerebrum
13. The Peripheral Nervous System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System
Organization of Sensory Pathways
Introduction to Sensory Receptors
Sensory Receptor Classification by Modality
Sensory Receptor Classification by Location
Proprioceptors
Adaptation of Sensory Receptors
Introduction to Reflex Arcs
Reflex Arcs
14. The Autonomic Nervous System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
Control of the ANS
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Review of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Neurotransmitters of the ANS
Visceral Reflex Arcs
15. The Special Senses
Worksheet
Introduction to Special Senses
Structure of the Eyeball
Fibrous Layer of the Eyeball
Vascular Layer of the Eyeball
Optic Components of the Eyeball
Inner Layer of the Eyeball
The Lens and Focusing Light on the Retina
Rods, Cones, and Light
16. The Endocrine System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Endocrine System
Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers
Intracellular Receptors and Direct Gene Action
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Hormone Review Table
17. The Blood
Worksheet
Introduction To Blood
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes: Hemoglobin
Leukocytes
Platelets: Hemostasis
18. The Heart
Worksheet
Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
Cardiac Action Potentials
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Cardiac Cycle
19. The Blood Vessels
Worksheet
Introduction to Blood Vessels
Types of Blood Vessels
General Blood Vessel Structure
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Anastomoses
Introduction to Hemodynamics
20. The Lymphatic System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Lymphatic System
Lymphatic Vasculature
Lymphoid Cells & Tissues
Overview of Lymphoid Organs
Primary Lymphoid Organs
Secondary Lympoid Organs: Lymph Nodes
Secondary Lympoid Organs: The Spleen
Secondary Lympoid Organs: MALT
21. The Immune System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Immune System
Introduction to Innate Immunity
Introduction to First-Line Defenses
Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin
Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane
First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers
First-Line Defenses: Normal Microbiota
Introduction to Cells of the Immune System
Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes
Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes
Introduction to Cell Communication
Cell Communication: Surface Receptors & Adhesion Molecules
Cell Communication: Cytokines
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Introduction to the Complement System
Activation Pathways of the Complement System
Effects of the Complement System
Review of the Complement System
Phagocytosis
Introduction to Inflammation
Steps of the Inflammatory Response
Fever
Interferon Response
Review Map of Innate Immunity
Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
Antigens
Introduction to T Lymphocytes
Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
Activation of T Lymphocytes
Functions of T Lymphocytes
Review of Cytotoxic vs Helper T Cells
Introduction to B Lymphocytes
Antibodies
Classes of Antibodies
Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen
T Dependent & T Independent Antigens
Clonal Selection
Antibody Class Switching
Affinity Maturation
Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity
Immune Tolerance
Regulatory T Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Review of Adaptive Immunity
22. The Respiratory System
Worksheet
Introduction to Lung Physiology
Pressure in the Lungs and Pleural Cavity
Ventilation
Lung Volumes and Capacities
Law of Partial Pressure
Respiration
23. The Digestive System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Digestive System
The Stomach
The Gallbladder
Pancreas
Duct System of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Small Intestine
24. Metabolism and Nutrition
Worksheet
Essential Amino Acids
Lipid Vitamins
Cellular Respiration: Redox Reactions
Introduction to Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration: Types of Phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation
Cellular Respiration: Krebs Cycle
Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration: Chemiosmosis
Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
Gluconeogenesis
Fatty Acid Oxidation
Amino Acid Oxidation
25. The Urinary System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Urinary System
The Kidneys
The Nephron
Blood Supply of the Kidneys
Renal Physiology: Overview
Renal Physiology Step 1: Glomerular Filtration
Renal Physiology: Regulation of Glomerular Filtration
Renal Physiology Step 2: Tubular Reabsorption
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance
Worksheet
Fluid Balance
Electrolyte Balance
Acid-Base Balance
27. The Reproductive System
Worksheet
Introduction to the Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Meiosis
28. Human Development
Worksheet
Introduction to Human Development
Early Embryonic Development
Implantation
Extraembryonic Membrane Development
Embryonic Development (Weeks 3-8)
Placentation
29. Heredity
Worksheet
Overview of Human Genetics
Patterns of Inheritance
Factors Affecting Gene Expression
Genetic Disorders
Gene Therapy