26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Fill in the blanks. A cell in a/an ________ fluid will lose water, and a cell in a/an ________ fluid will gain water.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The thirst mechanism is mediated by osmoreceptors located in the cerebral cortex.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The main hormone that regulates fluid balance is antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes water retention in the kidneys and increases the amount of water in the body.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. Dehydration is characterized by a decreased volume and increased osmolarity of the ECF.

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of mass balance?

a. The amount of a variable that is gained by the body through ingestion equals the amount that is lost from the body.

b. The body maintains a stable mass at all times.

c. The amount of each variable brought into the body must be balanced by all other variables.

d. The amount of a variable ingested is regulated by a positive feedback loop.

As a percentage of body weight, the total body water tends to be higher in ________ and lower in ________ ​.

a. ​infants; men

b. women; men

c. men; infants

d. infants; women

How does angiotensin-II help to restore fluid balance when a person is dehydrated?

A woman begins a diet and exercise regimen and loses 30 lb. Will her total body water increase, decrease, or stay the same? Why?

Explain how the amount of water in the body affects the concentration of ions and solutes in the ECF.

What do you think has happened to Elise's ECF volume and osmolarity over the past 3 days? Will this lead to a change in the volume of water in the cytosol of her cells? Explain.