Research the composition of 'smelling salts'—a product that is used to rouse people who have lost consciousness.What are the chemical reactions that generate the 'active' component?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Smelling salts typically contain ammonium carbonate ((NH_4)_2CO_3) as the active ingredient.
2. When smelling salts are exposed to air, they decompose to release ammonia (NH_3), carbon dioxide (CO_2), and water (H_2O).
3. The chemical reaction for the decomposition of ammonium carbonate is: (NH_4)_2CO_3 \rightarrow 2NH_3 + CO_2 + H_2O.
4. The released ammonia gas is the 'active' component that stimulates the nasal and respiratory membranes, causing the person to regain consciousness.
5. This reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction, where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

Key Concepts

Ammonium Carbonate

Smelling salts primarily contain ammonium carbonate, a compound that releases ammonia gas when it decomposes. This decomposition occurs when ammonium carbonate is heated or reacts with moisture, producing ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The strong odor of ammonia stimulates the respiratory system, helping to revive someone who has fainted.

Chemical Decomposition Reaction

The process of generating the active component in smelling salts involves a chemical decomposition reaction. In this type of reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. For ammonium carbonate, the reaction can be represented as: (NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O, illustrating how heat or moisture can trigger the release of ammonia.

Respiratory Stimulation

The active component of smelling salts, ammonia, acts as a respiratory stimulant. When inhaled, ammonia irritates the mucous membranes in the nose and lungs, leading to an involuntary inhalation reflex. This reaction increases alertness and can help restore consciousness in individuals who have fainted or are feeling lightheaded.