22. Respiratory System

Which of the following determines the direction of gas movement? a. solubility in water, b. partial pressure gradient, c. temperature, d. molecular weight and size of the gas molecule.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by a. active transport, b. diffusion, c. filtration, d. osmosis.

Clearly explain the difference between external and internal respiration.

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What three integrated steps are involved in external respiration?

What is it about the structure of the alveoli that makes them an ideal site for gas exchange?

Which of the following does not occur in internal respiration? (a) Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the interstitial spaces. (b) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the interstitial spaces to the blood. (c) Hemoglobin binds more oxygen. (d) Bicarbonate ions are formed in red blood cells. (e) Chloride ions diffuse into red blood cells as bicarbonate ions diffuse out.

Gas exchange at the blood air barrier is efficient because (a) the differences in partial pressure are substantial, (b) the gases are lipid soluble, (c) the total surface area is large, (d) of all of these.

What is the significance of (b) Dalton's law, to the process of respiration?

What is the significance of (c) Henry's law to the process of respiration?

What happens to the process of respiration when a person is sneezing or coughing?

Why do individuals who are anemic generally not exhibit an increase in respiratory rate or tidal volume, even though their blood is not carrying enough oxygen?

Doris has an obstruction of her right primary bronchus. As a result, how would the oxygen–hemoglobin saturation curve for her right lung compare with that for her left?

You and a friend are having a contest to see who can hold his or her breath the longest. Your friend hyperventilates before holding his breath, and subsequently wins the contest. Why did hyperventilation give him an advantage?

Henry's law states that the degree to which a gas dissolves in a liquid is determined by its:

a. partial pressure.

b. solubility.

c. surface tension.

d. Both a and b are correct.

e. All of the above are correct.

Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar Po₂ decreases, the pulmonary arterioles_____. When the arteriolar Pco₂ increases, the bronchioles_______.

Dalton's Law and Henry's Law

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Atmospheric and alveolar air composition

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Dalton's and Henry's laws in external and internal respiration

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT involved in respiration?

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The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called __________.

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