23. Digestive System

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________.

The lamina propria forms part of the a. muscularis externa, b. submucosa, c. serosa, d. mucosa.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function. ___ churning occurs here

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Where in the stomach do the strongest peristaltic waves occur? a. b. c. d.

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is a. the pyloric sphincter, b. the gastroesophageal sphincter, c. the hepatopancreatic sphincter, d. the ileocecal valve.

Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream, and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen? a. Compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCl decrease when the food reaches the duodenum; b. gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing); c. fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile; d. all of these.

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested. The protein molecule will be digested by enzymes made by a. the mouth, stomach, and colon, b. the stomach, liver, and small intestine, c. the small intestine, mouth, and liver, d. the pancreas, stomach, and small intestine.

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested. The protein molecule must be digested before it can be transported to and utilized by the cells because a. protein is only useful directly, b. protein has a low pH, c. proteins in the circulating blood produce an adverse osmotic pressure, d. the protein is too large to be readily absorbed.

Describe the role of these cells found in gastric glands: parietal, chief, mucous neck, and enteroendocrine.

A young woman is put through an extensive battery of tests to determine the cause of her stomach pains. She is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. An antihistamine drug is prescribed, and she is sent home. What is the mechanism of her medication? What life-threatening problems can result from a poorly managed ulcer? Why did the clinic doctor warn the woman not to take aspirin?

Describe the regulation of the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases of gastric secretion.

An anorexic girl shows a high level of acetone in her blood. What is this condition called, and what has caused it?

How is the stomach protected from digestion?

How does each of the three phases of gastric secretion promote and facilitate gastric control?

Nutritionists have found that after a heavy meal, the pH of blood increases slightly, especially in the veins that carry blood away from the stomach. What causes this increase in blood pH?

Troy Francis, a middle-aged salesman, complains of a burning pain in the 'pit of his stomach,' usually beginning about two hours after eating and abating after drinking a glass of milk. When asked to indicate the site, he points to his epigastric region. The GI tract is examined by X-ray fluoroscopy. A gastric ulcer is visualized, and drug therapy using a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics is recommended. a. Why is this treatment suggested? b. What are the possible consequences of nontreatment?

Recently, more people have turned to surgery to help them lose weight. One form of weight control surgery involves stapling a portion of the stomach shut, creating a smaller volume. How would such a surgery result in weight loss?

Pepsin enzymatically digests __________.

What are the main organic molecules digested in the stomach?

Which of the following products does the stomach produce?

Which of the following cells produce HCl?

Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?

The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are __________.

During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.

Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes.

The increased concentration of HCO₃^– in blood draining from the stomach is called __________.