15. Aldehydes and Ketones

The compound carvone is responsible for the odor of spearmint. Identify the functional groups in carvone.

Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:

a. A 6-carbon cyclic ketone with a methyl group on the beta carbon

Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:

b. An 8-carbon ketone with six carbons as its longest chain

Aldosterone is a key steroid involved in controlling the sodium–potassium balance in the body. Identify the functional groups in aldosterone.

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

c.

Compound X is a secondary alcohol whose formula is C₃H₈O. When compound X is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound Y (C₃H₆). When compound X is oxidized, compound Z (C₃H₆O) forms, which cannot be oxidized further. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds X, Y, and Z.

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

b.

Give the common name for each of the following:

b.

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

c.

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:

b. 4-chloro-2-pentanone

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:

c. butyl methyl ketone

Write the common name for each of the following:

b. <IMAGE>

Write the IUPAC name for each of the following:

b. <IMAGE>

Write the IUPAC name for each of the following:

c. <IMAGE>

Write the IUPAC name for each of the following: (12.3)

c. <IMAGE>