10. Acids and Bases

Which of the following is the strongest base?

Which of the following bases will have the weakest conjugate acid?

Which of the following aqueous species will contain mostly reactants?

Determine [OH^–] in each base solution. If the base is weak, indicate the value that [OH^–] is less than.

Predict the direction of the following reaction:

HC₂H₃O₂ (aq)  +  H₂O (liq)  ______________   H₃O⁺ (aq)  +  C₂H₃O₂^– (aq)

Write a balanced equation for the proton transfer reaction between hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH₃). Identify each conjugate acid-base pair, and rewrite the equilibrium arrows to indicate if the forward or reverse reaction is favored.

From this electrostatic potential map of the amino acid alanine, identify the most acidic hydrogens in the molecule:

<IMAGE>

Using TABLE 10.3, identify the stronger acid in each of the following pairs:

b. H₃PO₄ or HSO₄^-

Using TABLE 10.3, identify the stronger acid in each of the following pairs:

a. HBr or HNO₂

Electrostatic potential maps of acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H) and ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) are shown. Identify the most acidic hydrogen in each, and tell which of the two is likely to be the stronger acid.

<IMAGE>

Determine if each of the following diagrams represents a strong acid or a weak acid. The acid has the formula HX.