6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities

Acrylonitrile (C­₃H₃N) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced by the following reaction: 

2 C₃H₆ (g) + 2 NH₃ (g) + 3 O₂ (g)  → 2 C₃H₃N (g) + 6 H₂O (g)

If 12.0 g C₃H₆, 10.0 g NH­₃, and 5.0 g O₂ react, what mass of acrylonitrile can be produced, assuming 100% yield?

The reaction between solid aluminum and iron (III) oxide can generate temperatures reaching 3000 ºC and is used in welding metals. 

2 Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O_­3 + 2 Fe

If 150 g of Al are reacted with 432 g of Fe­₂O₃, what is the mass of the excess reactant remaining? 

Consider the balanced chemical equation: 2A + B₂ → 2AB. Given the following reaction vessel, determine the theoretical yield of product.

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In Problem 6.40, hydrazine reacted with oxygen according to the following (unbalanced) equation: N₂H₄(l) + O₂(g) → NO₂(g) + H₂O(g)

a. If 75.0 kg of hydrazine are reacted with 75.0 kg of oxygen, which is the limiting reagent?

Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) is used in small quantities as a flavoring agent or in perfumes but can be toxic in large amounts. It is produced by reaction of benzene (C₆H₆) with nitric acid:

C₆H₆(l) + HNO₃(aq) → C₆H₅NO₂(l) + H₂O(l)

a. Identify the limiting reagent in the reaction of 27.5 g of nitric acid with 75 g of benzene.

Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) is used in small quantities as a flavoring agent or in perfumes but can be toxic in large amounts. It is produced by reaction of benzene (C₆H₆) with nitric acid:

C₆H₆(l) + HNO₃(aq) → C₆H₅NO₂(l) + H₂O(l)

b. Calculate the theoretical yield for this reaction.

Acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin, is prepared from salicylic acid by reaction with acetic anhydride.

C₇H₆O₃ (salicylic acid) + C₄H₆O₃ (acetic anhydride) → C₉H₈O₄ (acetylsalicylic acid) + C₂H₄O₂ (acetic acid)

a. Calculate the theoretical yield if 47 g of salicylic acid is reacted with 25 g of acetic anhydride.