The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain, features a distinctive surface characterized by grooves and ridges, which contribute to its wrinkled appearance. Understanding the anatomy of the cerebrum involves recognizing three key structures: gyri, sulci, and fissures. A gyrus is an elevated ridge of tissue on the brain's surface, while a sulcus is a shallow groove that separates adjacent gyri. In contrast, a fissure is a deeper groove that divides larger regions of the brain, making it visually prominent compared to sulci.

Human brains exhibit unique patterns akin to fingerprints, yet they share common landmarks. Among these, the central sulcus is a significant feature that runs centrally across the brain. Anterior to the central sulcus lies the precentral gyrus, responsible for motor functions, while the postcentral gyrus, located posteriorly, is associated with sensory processing. These structures are crucial for understanding brain function and organization.

Additionally, the lateral fissure, which separates different lobes of the brain, is a prominent feature often recognized even by those with little knowledge of brain anatomy. The longitudinal fissure is another critical structure, as it divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres. A helpful mnemonic for remembering these features is to associate the longitudinal fissure with vertical lines of longitude on a world map and the lateral fissure with horizontal lines of latitude.

In summary, the cerebrum's surface anatomy, including gyri, sulci, and fissures, plays a vital role in its function and organization, with specific landmarks like the central sulcus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lateral fissure, and longitudinal fissure being essential for understanding the brain's structure.