The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by which of the following structures?

• A. Articular cartilage
• B. Endosteum
• C. Haversian canals
• D. Sharpey's fibers

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the periosteum: The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints where articular cartilage is present. It plays a role in bone growth, repair, and providing a surface for the attachment of tendons and ligaments.
2. Learn about Sharpey's fibers: Sharpey's fibers are strong collagenous fibers that anchor the periosteum to the underlying bone. These fibers penetrate the bone matrix, ensuring the periosteum remains securely attached.
3. Differentiate the options: Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones at joints and does not secure the periosteum. The endosteum is a thin membrane lining the inner surface of the bone cavity, unrelated to the periosteum's attachment. Haversian canals are part of the compact bone structure, involved in blood vessel and nerve passage, not periosteum attachment.
4. Connect the concept: Sharpey's fibers are the correct answer because they are specifically designed to secure the periosteum to the bone, ensuring stability and structural integrity.
5. Review the anatomy: Visualize or refer to diagrams of the bone structure to see how Sharpey's fibers penetrate the bone matrix and connect the periosteum to the underlying bone.