Match the term with its appropriate definition. 
Osmosis    
Secondary active transport    
Exocytosis    
Phagocytosis    
Simple diffusion    
Primary active transport    
Pinocytosis    
Facilitated diffusion
a. Type of endocytosis in which a large particle is ingested
b. Transport across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient via direct use of energy from ATP
c. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane
d. Movement of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration
e. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein
f. Type of endocytosis in which ECF is brought into the cell in a protein-coated pit
g. Release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle
h. Transport of a substance across the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient using the energy from the 'downhill' movement of another substance

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions provided in the problem. Each term corresponds to a specific physiological process, and the definitions describe the mechanisms or characteristics of these processes.
2. Step 2: Match 'Osmosis' with its definition. Osmosis refers to the movement of solvent (usually water) from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. This matches definition (d).
3. Step 3: Match 'Secondary active transport' with its definition. This process involves the transport of a substance against its concentration gradient using the energy derived from the 'downhill' movement of another substance. This matches definition (h).
4. Step 4: Match 'Exocytosis' with its definition. Exocytosis is the release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle. This matches definition (g).
5. Step 5: Continue matching the remaining terms (Phagocytosis, Simple diffusion, Primary active transport, Pinocytosis, Facilitated diffusion) with their respective definitions by carefully analyzing the descriptions provided and identifying the correct physiological process for each.

Key Concepts

Osmosis

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating the internal environment of cells. It occurs without the expenditure of energy and is driven by the concentration gradient of solutes.

Active Transport

Active transport refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, which requires energy, typically derived from ATP. This process is essential for maintaining concentration differences of ions and nutrients inside and outside the cell, allowing cells to uptake necessary substances even when they are in lower concentrations outside.

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Endocytosis and exocytosis are processes by which cells transport large molecules or particles across the plasma membrane. Endocytosis involves the engulfing of substances into the cell, while exocytosis is the release of substances from the cell. These mechanisms are vital for cellular communication, nutrient uptake, and waste removal, allowing cells to interact with their environment effectively.