29. Heredity

Genetic variability of gametes

Overview of Human Genetics

Crossing Over and Independent Segregation 

 The Y chromosome has the SRY gene, which is necessary for the development of male characteristics. 

 be sterile but show male characteristics 

 show both male and female characteristics 

 A person without a Y chromosome will __________. 

 The appearance of freckles is considered the phenotype. 

 The appearance of freckles is considered the __________. 

MyReadinessTest Video: Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype versus Phenotype

Genotype vs Phenotype | Understanding Alleles

 A person's genetic makeup is referred to as his or her genotype. The way that genotype is expressed in the body is called one's phenotype. 

 A person's genetic makeup is referred to as his or her genotype. 

The actual genetic makeup is called the genotype, but the expression of the genotype is the phenotype.

 The expression of genes is called the __________. 

A permanent structural change of a gene is called mutation. This change might affect the functioning of a gene.

 A permanent structural change of a gene is called __________. 

MyReadinessTest Video: Genotype and Phenotype (Labeled as Gene Expression in Study Area) 

Alternative forms of genes are called alleles. Many alleles are either dominant or recessive.

 Alternative forms of genes are called __________. 

Genetic Variation

 When the two alleles controlling a trait are different, the individual is heterozygous for the trait. 

 When the two alleles controlling a trait are different, the individual is __________ for the trait. 

 environmental influences mimic the effect of a gene 

 individual has an exact copy of another’s genotype 

 An individual who has an exact copy of another’s genotype would be considered a clone. 

 two individuals have exactly the same genetic composition 

 Individuals with identical genotypes are referred to as identical twins, not phenocopies. 

 an individual carries two identical alleles 

 An individual who carries the same alleles at both loci is homozygous for that trait, not a phenocopy. 

The number of possible different gametes resulting from independent assortment during meiosis I is calculated by 2n, where n is the number of homologous pairs. This would be the correct answer if humans had one homologous pair of chromosomes.

The number of possible different gametes resulting from independent assortment during meiosis I is calculated by 2n, where n is the number of homologous pairs. This would be the correct answer if humans had three homologous pairs of chromosomes.

The number of possible different gametes resulting from independent assortment during meiosis I is calculated by 2n, where n is the number of homologous pairs. This would be the correct answer if humans had six homologous pairs of chromosomes.

 The number of different gametes that can be produced in a male, based on independent assortment alone, equals __________. 

 Both parents contribute equally to the DNA content. 

 The 46 chromosomes of a zygote come from __________. 

 Most human cells are diploid, containing 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. Only the haploid egg and sperm have 23 total chromosomes. 

 With the exception of gametes, human cells have __________ pairs of chromosomes. 

Alleles and Genes

 Genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be linked. They are inherited together unless they are broken up during the crossing-over process. 

 Genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be __________. 

Genotypes, Phenotypes and Punnett Square

MyReadinessTest Video: Zygosity 

 Chiasma, or crossover, separates linked genes during meiosis and increases genetic variation in the offspring. 

 Which of the following processes may separate linked genes during meiosis? 

Genes, Alleles and Loci on Chromosomes

 at the same position on the sex chromosomes 

 Alleles are genes that are at the same locus on homologous chromosomes whether they are autosomes or sex chromosomes. 

 at the same locus on homologous chromosomes 

 Any two matched genes that are __________ are called alleles. 

MyReadinessTest Video: Allele Interactions

Genotypes and Phenotypes

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2 Minute Classroom

1. Introduction to A&P

2. Chemistry

3. Cells

4. Tissues

5. Integumentary System

6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

7. Skeletal System

8. Joints

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue

10. Muscular System

11. Nervous Tissue

12. Central Nervous System

13. Peripheral Nervous System

14. Autonomic Nervous System

15. Special Senses

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

22. Respiratory System