Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal gland during stress?

• A. Insulin
• B. Cortisol
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Glucagon

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the role of the adrenal gland in the endocrine system. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress responses.
2. Step 2: Identify the hormones listed in the question and their primary functions: Insulin regulates blood sugar levels, Thyroxine is involved in metabolism and produced by the thyroid gland, Glucagon raises blood sugar levels, and Cortisol is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal gland.
3. Step 3: Recall that during stress, the adrenal gland releases Cortisol, which helps the body respond to stress by increasing glucose availability and suppressing non-essential functions like digestion and immune response.
4. Step 4: Eliminate the incorrect options based on their source and function: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland, and Glucagon is also produced by the pancreas. None of these are directly involved in the stress response.
5. Step 5: Conclude that Cortisol is the correct answer because it is specifically released by the adrenal gland during stress to help the body adapt and maintain homeostasis.