What is a key difference between bone and cartilage in terms of their structure and function?

• A. Cartilage cells are called osteocytes, while bone cells are called chondrocytes.
• B. Bone is primarily composed of collagen fibers, whereas cartilage is not.
• C. Cartilage contains more calcium deposits than bone.
• D. Bone is highly vascularized, while cartilage is avascular.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the basic structure of bone and cartilage. Bone is a rigid organ that forms part of the vertebrate skeleton, while cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body.
2. Identify the types of cells present in bone and cartilage. Bone contains osteocytes, which are mature bone cells, while cartilage contains chondrocytes, which are the cells responsible for cartilage formation.
3. Examine the composition of bone and cartilage. Bone is primarily composed of a matrix of collagen fibers and mineral deposits, mainly calcium phosphate, which gives it strength and rigidity. Cartilage, on the other hand, is composed of a dense network of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, providing flexibility and resistance to compression.
4. Consider the vascularization of these tissues. Bone is highly vascularized, meaning it has a rich supply of blood vessels that facilitate nutrient and waste exchange. This vascularization is crucial for bone growth and repair. In contrast, cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, and nutrients are diffused through the matrix.
5. Reflect on the implications of these structural differences for their function. The vascularization of bone allows for rapid healing and remodeling, while the avascular nature of cartilage means it heals more slowly and is less capable of repair. This difference is key to understanding their roles in the body.