What is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?

• A. Gastric acid
• B. Pepsin
• C. Pancreatic amylase
• D. Bile salts

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of bile salts: Bile salts are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. They are released into the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, to aid in digestion.
2. Recognize the process of emulsification: Emulsification is the process of breaking down large lipid globules into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for digestive enzymes to act upon.
3. Identify the function of bile salts in emulsification: Bile salts have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, allowing them to interact with lipids and water. This dual nature helps to stabilize lipid droplets in the aqueous environment of the intestine.
4. Differentiate bile salts from other digestive substances: Gastric acid and pepsin are involved in protein digestion in the stomach, while pancreatic amylase breaks down carbohydrates in the small intestine. None of these substances are responsible for lipid emulsification.
5. Conclude the importance of bile salts: Bile salts are crucial for lipid digestion as they facilitate the emulsification process, making lipids accessible to lipase enzymes for further breakdown.