In what way do kinetochore microtubules facilitate the process of splitting the centromeres during cell division?

• A. They remain static, providing a scaffold for other proteins to split the centromeres.
• B. They shorten by depolymerizing at the kinetochore ends, pulling sister chromatids apart.
• C. They generate a chemical signal that triggers the separation of centromeres.
• D. They elongate to push the sister chromatids towards opposite poles.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of kinetochore microtubules in cell division: Kinetochore microtubules are crucial components of the mitotic spindle, which is responsible for separating sister chromatids during cell division.
2. Identify the process of depolymerization: Kinetochore microtubules facilitate the separation of sister chromatids by shortening. This shortening occurs through a process called depolymerization, where tubulin subunits are removed from the microtubules.
3. Focus on the location of depolymerization: The depolymerization occurs specifically at the kinetochore ends of the microtubules. This is where the microtubules are attached to the chromatids.
4. Explain the mechanical action: As the kinetochore microtubules depolymerize, they effectively pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This mechanical action is crucial for the equal distribution of genetic material.
5. Clarify the incorrect options: The other options, such as remaining static, generating chemical signals, or elongating, do not accurately describe the mechanism by which kinetochore microtubules facilitate the separation of centromeres during cell division.