Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action in the body?

• A. Increased glucose uptake by cells
• B. Increased calcium absorption in the intestines
• C. Decreased heart rate
• D. Increased water reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. ADH is primarily responsible for regulating water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.
2. Recognize that ADH acts on the kidneys, specifically targeting the collecting ducts, to increase their permeability to water. This allows more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, reducing urine output.
3. Consider the physiological effect of increased water reabsorption. When ADH levels are high, the kidneys conserve water, leading to more concentrated urine and maintaining body fluid balance.
4. Eliminate the incorrect options by understanding their unrelated functions: Increased glucose uptake by cells is primarily influenced by insulin, increased calcium absorption in the intestines is regulated by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, and heart rate is controlled by autonomic nervous system signals, not directly by ADH.
5. Conclude that the direct result of ADH action is increased water reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps maintain homeostasis by preventing dehydration.