Surface skin cells regenerate from stem cells found in which specific region of the epidermis?

• A. Stratum granulosum
• B. Stratum corneum
• C. Stratum basale
• D. Stratum lucidum

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of the epidermis, which is composed of five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in thick skin), and stratum corneum.
2. Recognize that the stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is directly adjacent to the dermis, providing structural support and access to nutrients.
3. Learn that the stratum basale contains keratinocyte stem cells, which are responsible for regenerating new skin cells through mitosis. These cells migrate upward to replenish the layers above.
4. Differentiate the roles of other layers: the stratum granulosum is involved in keratinization, the stratum corneum consists of dead keratinized cells, and the stratum lucidum is a thin, transparent layer found only in thick skin (e.g., palms and soles).
5. Conclude that the stratum basale is the specific region of the epidermis where stem cells regenerate surface skin cells, making it essential for skin renewal and repair.