Which organelle(s) would be most active in liver cells that are detoxifying alcohol?

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Peroxisomes

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the function of peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes responsible for various metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances like alcohol.
2. Recognize the role of liver cells in detoxification: Liver cells, or hepatocytes, are crucial for detoxifying substances in the body. They contain a high number of peroxisomes to efficiently process and neutralize toxins such as alcohol.
3. Identify the enzymes involved: Peroxisomes contain enzymes like catalase and oxidase that help in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of alcohol detoxification, into water and oxygen, thus preventing cellular damage.
4. Compare with other organelles: While mitochondria are involved in energy production, Golgi apparatus in protein modification and transport, and lysosomes in digestion of cellular waste, peroxisomes are specifically adapted for detoxification processes.
5. Conclude why peroxisomes are most active: Given their specialized function in detoxifying alcohol, peroxisomes are the organelles most active in liver cells during alcohol detoxification, making them the correct answer.