Which of the following is a common endocrine-related cause of chronic hypertension?

• A. Decreased insulin production
• B. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones
• C. Increased melatonin release
• D. Hypersecretion of aldosterone

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of aldosterone in the body: Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure by controlling sodium and water balance in the kidneys. Hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to increased sodium retention, which causes water retention and raises blood pressure.
2. Review the connection between chronic hypertension and endocrine disorders: Chronic hypertension can result from hormonal imbalances that affect fluid and electrolyte balance or vascular resistance. Hypersecretion of aldosterone is a common endocrine-related cause because it directly impacts these factors.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Decreased insulin production primarily affects glucose metabolism and is associated with diabetes, not chronic hypertension. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) typically leads to low blood pressure rather than high blood pressure. Increased melatonin release is related to sleep regulation and does not significantly impact blood pressure.
4. Focus on the correct answer: Hypersecretion of aldosterone increases sodium and water retention, leading to higher blood volume and chronic hypertension. This condition is often associated with disorders like primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome).
5. Summarize the physiological mechanism: Hypersecretion of aldosterone causes an imbalance in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, leading to increased blood volume and vascular resistance, which are key contributors to chronic hypertension.