Which of the following structures is the outermost layer of the external anatomy of the kidney?

• A. Renal pelvis
• B. Renal cortex
• C. Renal medulla
• D. Renal capsule

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the anatomy of the kidney: The kidney is a bean-shaped organ with several layers that serve different functions. The external anatomy includes the renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis.
2. Define the renal capsule: The renal capsule is a tough, fibrous layer that surrounds the kidney. It serves as the outermost protective layer, shielding the kidney from physical damage and infections.
3. Differentiate the other structures: The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney beneath the renal capsule, responsible for filtration. The renal medulla is the inner region containing the renal pyramids, which are involved in urine concentration. The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine and channels it to the ureter.
4. Identify the correct answer: Based on the definitions, the renal capsule is the outermost layer of the kidney's external anatomy.
5. Review the concept: To reinforce understanding, remember that the renal capsule is the first layer encountered when examining the kidney externally, followed by the renal cortex and deeper structures like the medulla and pelvis.