Which type of bone protects internal organs and provides a large surface area for muscles to attach?

• A. Long bone
• B. Short bone
• C. Irregular bone
• D. Flat bone

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the function of flat bones. Flat bones are specialized structures in the skeletal system that protect internal organs, such as the brain (protected by the skull) and the heart and lungs (protected by the rib cage). They also provide a large surface area for muscle attachment, which is crucial for movement and stability.
2. Step 2: Compare flat bones to other types of bones. Long bones, such as the femur, are primarily designed for support and movement. Short bones, like those in the wrist (carpals), provide stability and some movement but are not primarily protective. Irregular bones, such as vertebrae, have complex shapes and serve specialized functions, including protection and support, but they do not provide a large surface area for muscle attachment like flat bones do.
3. Step 3: Identify examples of flat bones in the body. Common examples include the sternum, ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones. These bones are thin and flat, making them ideal for both protection and muscle attachment.
4. Step 4: Relate the structure of flat bones to their function. Flat bones consist of two layers of compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy bone. This structure provides strength and durability for protection while maintaining a lightweight design for muscle attachment.
5. Step 5: Conclude that flat bones are the correct answer based on their anatomical features and functions, which align with the requirements stated in the question: protecting internal organs and providing a large surface area for muscle attachment.