How does feedback regulation control enzyme activity in biological systems?

• A. By altering the enzyme's genetic code to change its structure
• B. By inhibiting enzyme activity through negative feedback when the end product accumulates
• C. By increasing the production of enzymes through positive feedback
• D. By permanently deactivating the enzyme once the desired product is formed

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of feedback regulation: Feedback regulation is a process where the output or product of a system regulates the activity of the system itself. In biological systems, this often involves enzymes and their activity.
2. Identify the types of feedback: There are two main types of feedback regulation - negative feedback and positive feedback. Negative feedback inhibits enzyme activity when the end product accumulates, while positive feedback enhances enzyme activity.
3. Explore negative feedback: In negative feedback, the accumulation of the end product signals the system to reduce enzyme activity, preventing overproduction. This is a common mechanism to maintain homeostasis in biological systems.
4. Consider positive feedback: Positive feedback occurs when the presence of a product stimulates further enzyme activity, often seen in processes that require rapid amplification, such as blood clotting.
5. Clarify misconceptions: Feedback regulation does not involve altering the enzyme's genetic code or permanently deactivating the enzyme. Instead, it temporarily adjusts enzyme activity based on the concentration of products.