The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by __________.

• A. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
• B. the enteric nerve plexuses
• C. the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
• D. higher brain centers

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the digestive system. The ENS is often referred to as the 'second brain' and is responsible for local control of the digestive tract.
2. Recognize that short reflexes in the digestive system are mediated by the enteric nerve plexuses, which are networks of neurons located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Differentiate between short and long reflexes: Short reflexes are intrinsic to the digestive system and do not involve the central nervous system, while long reflexes involve the central nervous system and can be influenced by external stimuli.
4. Identify that the enteric nerve plexuses can independently regulate digestive activities such as peristalsis and secretion, responding directly to changes in the gut environment.
5. Conclude that the short reflexes are stimulated by the enteric nerve plexuses, which operate independently of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and higher brain centers.