Why is a measure of serum lactate obtained in the initial assessment of a trauma patient?

• A. To determine the presence of bacterial infection
• B. To evaluate the patient's immune cell count
• C. To measure the level of circulating antibodies
• D. To assess the degree of tissue hypoperfusion and possible shock

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of serum lactate: Serum lactate is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, which occurs when tissues are deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Elevated levels of lactate indicate tissue hypoperfusion, a condition where blood flow to tissues is insufficient.
2. Recognize the connection to trauma: In trauma patients, tissue hypoperfusion can result from shock, which is a life-threatening condition caused by inadequate blood circulation. Measuring serum lactate helps assess the severity of this condition.
3. Differentiate serum lactate from other measures: Serum lactate is not used to detect bacterial infections, immune cell counts, or antibody levels. These are assessed using other specific tests, such as cultures, complete blood counts, or immunological assays.
4. Interpret the clinical significance: Elevated serum lactate levels suggest that the patient may be experiencing shock or tissue hypoperfusion, prompting immediate medical intervention to restore adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery.
5. Apply this knowledge in patient assessment: During the initial evaluation of a trauma patient, serum lactate measurement provides critical information about the patient's physiological state, guiding treatment decisions to stabilize the patient and prevent further complications.