The macula in the utricle detects:
a. Rotation of the head to the right
b. Very low-frequency sound waves that we can feel but not hear
c. Tilting of the head to one side
d. Linear acceleration of the head in a vertical plane

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the anatomy of the macula: The macula is a sensory structure located in the utricle and saccule of the vestibular system within the inner ear. It contains hair cells embedded in a gelatinous layer with otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) on top.
2. Review the function of the utricle: The utricle is primarily responsible for detecting linear acceleration and head position changes in the horizontal plane, such as forward and backward movements or tilting of the head.
3. Differentiate between the utricle and saccule: While the utricle detects linear acceleration in the horizontal plane, the saccule detects linear acceleration in the vertical plane, such as movements up and down.
4. Analyze the options provided: Rotation of the head (option a) is detected by the semicircular canals, not the macula. Very low-frequency sound waves (option b) are related to the cochlea, not the vestibular system. Tilting of the head (option c) is detected by the macula in the utricle, but specifically in the horizontal plane. Linear acceleration in the vertical plane (option d) is detected by the macula in the saccule, not the utricle.
5. Conclude based on the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system: The macula in the utricle detects tilting of the head to one side and linear acceleration in the horizontal plane, not vertical plane movements or sound waves.

Key Concepts

Utricle Function

The utricle is a part of the vestibular system located in the inner ear, responsible for detecting linear accelerations and head tilts. It contains sensory hair cells embedded in a gelatinous structure called the otolithic membrane, which responds to gravitational forces and changes in head position.

Linear Acceleration

Linear acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity in a straight line. In the context of the utricle, it specifically relates to how the head moves in a vertical or horizontal plane, allowing the body to maintain balance and spatial orientation.

Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a sensory system that contributes to balance and spatial orientation. It includes structures such as the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals, which work together to detect motion, head position, and changes in equilibrium, providing critical information for coordination and balance.