Match the following terms with the correct functions.
Peroxisome     
Ribosome     
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum     
Mitochondrion     
Golgi apparatus     
Lysosome     
Rough endoplasmic reticulum     
Vesicle
a. Modifies and folds proteins into the correct structure
b. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins
c. Contains digestive enzymes
d. Granular organelle that makes proteins
e. Synthesizes most of a cell’s ATP
f. Contains enzymes that oxidize toxins and fatty acids
g. Membrane-enclosed structure used to transport substances through the cell
h. Detoxifies certain chemicals, makes lipids, stores calcium ions

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the function of each organelle listed in the problem. For example, peroxisomes contain enzymes that oxidize toxins and fatty acids, while ribosomes are granular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
2. Step 2: Match each organelle to its corresponding function based on its role in the cell. For instance, the mitochondrion synthesizes most of a cell's ATP, and the Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and sorts proteins.
3. Step 3: Pay attention to the specific keywords in the functions provided. For example, 'digestive enzymes' clearly point to lysosomes, and 'detoxifies certain chemicals, makes lipids, stores calcium ions' aligns with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
4. Step 4: Use the structural and functional characteristics of the organelles to match them accurately. For example, the rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies and folds proteins into the correct structure due to its association with ribosomes.
5. Step 5: Ensure that the membrane-enclosed structure used to transport substances through the cell is identified as a vesicle, based on its role in cellular transport.

Key Concepts

Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions necessary for cellular operation. Each organelle has a unique role, such as energy production, protein synthesis, or detoxification. Understanding the functions of these organelles is crucial for grasping how cells maintain homeostasis and respond to their environment.

Protein Synthesis and Processing

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins, essential for various cellular functions. Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are key players in this process, where proteins are synthesized, modified, and sorted for transport. Recognizing the roles of these structures helps in understanding how proteins are produced and utilized within the cell.

Metabolic Functions of Organelles

Different organelles are involved in various metabolic functions that are vital for cell survival. For instance, mitochondria are responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration, while peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances. Familiarity with these metabolic roles aids in comprehending how cells manage energy and waste, contributing to overall cellular health.