21. Immune System

B and T lymphocytes

Adaptive Defenses: Cells

B Cells vs T Cells | B Lymphocytes vs T Lymphocytes - Adaptive Immunity - Mechanism

Immune System

Immunology - Infection and Initial Response

Central T cell Tolerance - Positive and Negative Selection

 Multiple sclerosis and lupus are good examples of autoimmune disease, in which the body attacks its own cells. 

 Which type of disease results from the inability of the immune system to distinguish self- from nonself-antigens? 

 Adaptive immunity recognizes specific pathogens, is not restricted to the initial infection site, and recognizes pathogens after an initial exposure. 

 Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of adaptive immunity? 

 Toll-like receptors are found on macrophages. 

 Toll-like receptors are found on __________. 

Antigen-Presenting Cells (Macrophages, Dendritic Cells and B-Cells)

Differences between B cells and T cells

 T cells are screened for self-tolerance in the thymus. B cells mature and are screened for self-tolerance in the bone marrow. Self-tolerance is what prevents lymphocytes from attacking the body's own cells. Without self-tolerance, a person develops autoimmune disorders. 

 __________ is the property of lymphocytes that prevents them from attacking the body's own cells. 

 T cells are screened for self-tolerance in the thymus. B cells mature in the bone marrow. Self-reactive B cells are eliminated in the bone marrow. 

 Self-reactive B cells are eliminated in the __________. 

Anatomy - Positive & Negative Selection for Lymphocytes

The Immune System

Immune tolerance 

 T cells get their name from the fact that they develop in the thymus. 

 Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are __________. 

Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

Anatomy - Basics of Antigen Presentation

Central B cell Tolerance : Receptor Editing, Clonal Deletion and Anergy

 MHC II proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Red blood cells do not express type I or type II MHC proteins. 

 MHC II proteins are found on __________. 

 T cells and B cells are lymphocytes that are involved in the adaptive (also called specific) immune response. Macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells (NK cells) are innate immune responders. 

 Which of the following types of cells is involved in adaptive immunity? 

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6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

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10. Muscular System

11. Nervous Tissue

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14. Autonomic Nervous System

15. Special Senses

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

22. Respiratory System

23. Digestive System

24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

25. Urinary System

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

27. Reproductive System

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Immunocompetence, self-tolerance, and B and T lymphocytes

Antigen presenting cells

Innate body defense: phagocytosis, natural killer cells, and fever

Inflammatory process and chemicals

Antimicrobial substances

Innate Defenses: Internal Defenses

Antigens

Adaptive Defenses: Targets

Surface membrane barriers

Innate Defenses: Surface Barriers

Cellular immunity, activation and clonal selection of T cells

Adaptive Defenses: Cellular Immunity

Humoral immunity

Conal selection of a B cell, plasma cells, and memory cells

Active and passive humoral immunity

Antibodies and the five antibody classes

Adaptive Defenses: Humoral Immunity

Immunodeficiency diseases and hypersensitivity states

Autoimmune diseases

Disorders

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