Which structure is the basic functional (working) unit of the kidney?

• A. Ureter
• B. Nephron
• C. Renal pelvis
• D. Renal artery

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the kidney's primary role is to filter blood and produce urine, which involves several structures working together.
2. Identify the main anatomical components of the kidney: the renal artery, renal pelvis, ureter, and nephron.
3. Recall that the renal artery brings blood into the kidney, the renal pelvis collects urine, and the ureter transports urine to the bladder.
4. Focus on the nephron, which is a microscopic structure responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing needed substances, and forming urine.
5. Conclude that the nephron is the basic functional (working) unit of the kidney because it performs the essential processes of filtration and urine formation.