23. Digestive System

Stomach structure

Functional Anatomy: Stomach

Stomach Anatomy

 The main enzyme produced by the stomach is pepsin, which digests protein (gastric lipases are only of minor importance). 

 What are the main organic molecules digested in the stomach? 

 The gastric phase of gastric secretion occurs when the bolus of food enters the stomach and is not considered a conditioned reflex. 

 The intestinal phase of gastric secretion occurs when the stomach delivers chyme to the small intestines and is not considered a conditioned reflex. 

 There is no esophageal phase of gastric secretion. 

 Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes. 

 Parietal cells make HCl and intrinsic factor. 

 Which of the following cells produce HCl? 

Digestive System Secretion

Gastric Gland Secretion

Control of the Digestive System

Anatomy & Physiology of the Stomach

 the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited  

 The stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited. 

 the gastroenteric reflex reduces stomach activity 

 During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________. 

Digestive System

The Digestive System

Parietal Cell Physiology

 temporary holding area for food until it can be moved to the duodenum 

 The stomach does not produce enzymes to digest carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are chemically digested by salivary amylase in the mouth and by pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. 

 absorption of a few fat-soluble substances 

 mechanical breakdown of the bolus into chyme 

 Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach? 

Stomach Histology, Gastric Pits

Mechanism of HCL Secretion

 Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin, which is produced by chief cells located in the basal region of gastric glands.  

 Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen? 

 Lipases digest fats, amylases digest carbohydrates, proteases (such as pepsin) digest proteins, and nucleases digest nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. 

 Pepsin enzymatically digests __________. 

Anatomy Review Digestive 

Phases of Digestion – Gastrointestinal System | Lecturio

 The secretion of intrinsic factor is the only stomach function that is essential to life. 

 The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________. 

Control of the GI Tract: The Roles of Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, Motilin and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

In order for the stomach to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl), H+ ions are pumped into the stomach. As H+ ions are pumped into the stomach, chloride ions (Cl– ions) are also passed into the stomach in exchange for bicarbonate (HCO3–) ions. This exchange reaction (called the chloride shift), in which Cl+ is exchanged for HCO3–, leads to an accumulation of alkaline bicarbonate in the blood. This causes a more alkaline pH in the blood that is collected from the stomach, a phenomenon called the alkaline tide.

The increased concentration of HCO3– in blood draining from the stomach is called __________.

Stomach

 cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase 

 gastric phase, cephalic phase, intestinal phase 

 The three phases of gastric secretion, in order, are called the cephalic (or reflex) phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. In the cephalic phase, the stomach prepares to receive food. In the gastric phase, gastric juices are released and chyme is churned in the stomach. In the intestinal phase, chyme is secreted into the small intestine.  

 intestinal phase, gastric phase, cephalic phase 

 cephalic phase, intestinal phase, gastric phase 

 The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are __________. 

Structure & Functions Of The Stomach

 HCl, IF, mucus, and pepsinogen (pepsin) are products of the stomach. 

 Which of the following products does the stomach produce? 

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