The female external genitalia, commonly referred to as the vulva, encompasses several key anatomical structures that are often misunderstood. It is important to note that the vagina is not synonymous with the vulva; rather, the vulva includes all external features.

At the top of the vulva is the mons pubis, a rounded, fatty area that covers the pubic symphysis, typically becoming covered with pubic hair after puberty. Below the mons pubis are the labia majora, which are elongated, fatty folds of skin extending from the mons pubis to the perineum, also covered in hair post-puberty.

Inside the labia majora are the labia minora, which are thinner folds of skin. The space enclosed by the labia minora is known as the vestibule, which contains the openings of the urethra and the vagina. Flanking the vaginal opening are the greater vestibular glands, which secrete mucus to lubricate the vestibule, although they may not be externally visible.

Prominently located at the top of the vestibule is the clitoris, a small erectile structure homologous to the male penis, surrounded by a fold of skin known as the prepuce of the clitoris or clitoral hood. Within the vestibule, the urethral orifice allows for the exit of urine, while the vaginal orifice serves as the exit for menstrual flow and childbirth.

Surrounding the vaginal opening is the hymen, a thin, elastic membrane that varies significantly among individuals. Some may have a hymen that covers most of the vaginal opening, while others may have a hymen with a larger opening, demonstrating the anatomical diversity present in females.

Understanding these structures is essential for recognizing the complexity and variability of female anatomy, which plays a crucial role in reproductive health and sexual function.