16. Endocrine System

Endocrine organs

Endocrine System Overview

The Endocrine System, Overview, Animation

How Hormones Communicate

 Purely endocrine organs include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands.  

 Which of the following is NOT a purely endocrine organ? 

Endocrine System vs. Nervous System

 Hormones are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood throughout the body. Autocrines are chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them. 

 Autocrines are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood throughout the body.  

Introduction to endocrine system 

 When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called antagonism. 

 When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called __________. 

Endocrine

 Paracrine signals are local signals that affect adjacent cells. 

 Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? 

Compare the nervous & endocrine systems

Endocrine System - Glands & Hormones

Intro to Cell Signaling

 The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ. 

 Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? 

 The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine. 

 Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of __________. 

The Endocrine System

 The scientific study of hormones and the endocrine organs is called endocrinology.  

 Endocrinology involves the study of the endocrine organs and __________. 

 Kidney cells produce the hormones renin and erythropoietin, but their primary function is excretion of body waste. 

 Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ but produces hormones in addition to its major excretory function? 

 The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the nervous system. 

 The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the __________ system. 

Common cell signaling pathway

Cell Signalling Types (Paracrine, Endocrine, Juxtacrine, ...)

Endocrine and Nervous systems compared

Endocrine System

 All major hormones circulate to virtually all tissues, but a given hormone influences the activity of only certain tissue cells, referred to as target cells. 

 Any given hormone will influence the activity of __________. 

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