In human anatomy, what structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

• A. Brain and spinal cord
• B. Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
• C. Sympathetic chain ganglia and autonomic nerves
• D. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definition of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the part of the nervous system that processes information and coordinates activity throughout the body.
2. Step 2: Recall that the CNS consists of structures that are enclosed within the skull and vertebral column, providing protection and central control.
3. Step 3: Identify the two main components of the CNS: the brain, which is housed in the skull, and the spinal cord, which runs through the vertebral column.
4. Step 4: Differentiate the CNS from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nerves located outside the CNS.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct structures making up the CNS are the brain and spinal cord only, excluding peripheral nerves, ganglia, and autonomic nerves.