Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration of blood?

• A. Loop of Henle
• B. Collecting duct
• C. Glomerulus
• D. Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the function of the nephron: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. It consists of several structures, each with a specific role in the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
2. Identify the role of the glomerulus: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located within the Bowman's capsule. Its primary function is filtration of blood, where water, ions, and small molecules are filtered out of the blood plasma into the nephron, forming the initial filtrate.
3. Differentiate the roles of other nephron structures: The Loop of Henle is involved in concentrating urine by reabsorbing water and salts. The collecting duct is responsible for final adjustments to urine composition, including water reabsorption. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs nutrients, ions, and water from the filtrate.
4. Focus on filtration: Filtration occurs specifically in the glomerulus due to the high pressure in the capillaries and the selective permeability of the filtration membrane. Larger molecules like proteins and blood cells are retained in the bloodstream, while smaller molecules pass into the nephron.
5. Conclude that the glomerulus is the correct answer: Based on its function and location within the nephron, the glomerulus is the structure primarily responsible for filtration of blood.