In the context of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney is the:

• A. Renal capsule
• B. Renal pelvis
• C. Nephron
• D. Ureter

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question is asking about the functional unit of the kidney, which is the smallest structure capable of performing the kidney's essential functions.
2. Step 2: Recall that the nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
3. Step 3: Differentiate the nephron from other kidney structures: the renal capsule is a protective outer layer, the renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure collecting urine, and the ureter is a tube transporting urine to the bladder.
4. Step 4: Recognize that the nephron includes components such as the glomerulus and renal tubules, which work together to filter blood, reabsorb needed substances, and secrete wastes.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the nephron is the correct answer because it performs the kidney's primary functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.