What physiological response occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?

• A. Decreased heart rate
• B. Inhibition of digestive processes
• C. Pupil dilation
• D. Increased heart rate

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the parasympathetic nervous system: It is part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' activities, promoting relaxation and recovery.
2. Identify the physiological responses typically associated with parasympathetic activation: These include decreased heart rate, increased digestive activity, and pupil constriction.
3. Analyze each option given in the problem: Decreased heart rate aligns with parasympathetic activation, while inhibition of digestive processes and pupil dilation are more associated with sympathetic activation.
4. Consider the context of 'rest and digest': The parasympathetic system supports bodily functions that conserve energy and facilitate digestion, contrasting with the 'fight or flight' responses of the sympathetic system.
5. Conclude by matching the correct physiological response with the parasympathetic activation: Decreased heart rate is the correct response, as it aligns with the system's role in promoting relaxation and energy conservation.