Which of the following is a major effect produced by the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

• A. Stimulation of digestive activities
• B. Increased heart rate
• C. Dilation of the pupils
• D. Inhibition of salivary gland secretion

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the parasympathetic division: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for 'rest and digest' activities, which help conserve energy and promote maintenance functions in the body.
2. Identify the effects of the parasympathetic division: It generally stimulates activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as digestion, salivation, and urination, and it slows down processes that are not immediately necessary, like heart rate.
3. Analyze each option: Consider how each option aligns with the 'rest and digest' function. For example, stimulation of digestive activities aligns with the parasympathetic role, while increased heart rate and pupil dilation are typically associated with the sympathetic division, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.
4. Consider the inhibition of salivary gland secretion: The parasympathetic division usually stimulates salivary gland secretion to aid in digestion, so inhibition would not be a typical effect of this division.
5. Conclude which option is correct: Based on the understanding of the parasympathetic division's functions, determine which option aligns with its primary role in the body.