Which of the following correctly identifies the major layers of the skin and one primary function of each?

• A. Epidermis: temperature regulation; Dermis: vitamin D synthesis
• B. Epidermis: blood supply; Dermis: keratin production
• C. Epidermis: fat storage; Dermis: waterproofing
• D. Epidermis: protection; Dermis: sensory reception

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by identifying the major layers of the skin. The skin is composed of two primary layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer). Each layer has distinct functions and structures.
2. Step 2: Understand the primary function of the epidermis. The epidermis serves as a protective barrier against environmental damage, pathogens, and water loss. It contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin.
3. Step 3: Examine the primary function of the dermis. The dermis is responsible for sensory reception, as it contains nerve endings that detect touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. It also houses blood vessels, sweat glands, and connective tissue.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the incorrect options provided in the question. For example, temperature regulation is primarily managed by sweat glands and blood vessels in the dermis, not the epidermis. Similarly, vitamin D synthesis occurs in the epidermis, but it is not its primary function.
5. Step 5: Confirm the correct answer: 'Epidermis: protection; Dermis: sensory reception.' This aligns with the anatomical and physiological roles of these layers.