In renal anatomy, the functional unit of the kidney is called the:

• A. Nephron
• B. Renal pelvis
• C. Ureter
• D. Glomerulus

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the kidney is composed of several anatomical structures, each with specific functions related to urine formation and transport.
2. Identify the term 'functional unit' in renal anatomy, which refers to the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions of the kidney.
3. Recall that the nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
4. Differentiate the nephron from other options: the renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure collecting urine, the ureter transports urine to the bladder, and the glomerulus is a part of the nephron involved in filtration but not the entire functional unit.
5. Conclude that the nephron is the correct answer because it encompasses all components necessary for kidney function, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.