In the context of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney is the:

• A. Renal capsule
• B. Ureter
• C. Nephron
• D. Renal pelvis

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the structure and function of the kidney. The kidney is composed of several parts, including the renal capsule, renal pelvis, ureter, and nephrons.
2. Step 2: Define the nephron. The nephron is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
3. Step 3: Differentiate the nephron from other kidney structures. The renal capsule is the outer covering of the kidney, the renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine, and the ureter transports urine to the bladder.
4. Step 4: Recognize that the nephron performs the essential functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, which are critical for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the nephron is the correct answer because it is the functional unit where the kidney's primary physiological processes occur.