In the context of cell communication, downstream activation of which proteins leads to apoptosis?

• A. Caspases
• B. Kinases
• C. G-proteins
• D. Cyclins

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the concept of apoptosis, which is a form of programmed cell death crucial for maintaining healthy tissue homeostasis.
2. Identify the key proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway. Caspases are a family of protease enzymes that play essential roles in the execution phase of cell apoptosis.
3. Recognize that kinases are enzymes that modify other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups, but they are not directly involved in the execution of apoptosis.
4. Understand that G-proteins are involved in signal transduction but do not directly lead to apoptosis. They are more involved in transmitting signals from outside the cell to the inside.
5. Cyclins are proteins associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, not apoptosis. Therefore, focus on caspases as the primary proteins leading to apoptosis.