Which division of the nervous system primarily controls smooth muscle contraction?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Enteric nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the divisions of the nervous system. The nervous system is broadly divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
2. Step 2: Recognize the role of the somatic nervous system. It primarily controls voluntary movements by innervating skeletal muscles. Smooth muscle contraction is not under voluntary control, so this system is not responsible.
3. Step 3: Examine the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS controls involuntary functions, including smooth muscle contraction, cardiac muscle activity, and glandular secretions. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which regulate smooth muscle activity in different ways.
4. Step 4: Consider the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is a specialized subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that specifically governs the gastrointestinal tract. While it controls smooth muscle in the gut, it does not oversee smooth muscle contraction throughout the body.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the autonomic nervous system is the primary division responsible for smooth muscle contraction, as it regulates involuntary processes across various organ systems.